Author: Nina S

If you aren’t familiar with Tissot or Citizen watches, you must be new to watch collecting, because even those interested in high-end haute horlogerie know about these two key players in the industry. 

Both are leaders in affordable timepieces, and both have a lot to offer the beginner watch collector. In fact, either of these two brands is a great choice if you’re a novice. They promise good quality materials and reliability and offer an array of stylish timepieces to suit all tastes and needs.

While Citizen is a Japanese brand, Tissot’s heritage is firmly rooted in Swiss soil. The former specializes in eco-friendly technology, while you can consider the latter a gateway to affordable luxury. 

Either way, whether you choose the popular Japanese giant or the famous Swiss hard-hitter, you can’t go wrong when it comes to finding a day-to-day companion without burning a hole in your pocket. But what many people are interested in knowing is how they both compare. Let’s take a look as we address the Tissot vs Citizen watch debate.

Tissot – An Overview

Tissot is an expert in crafting affordable yet stylish wristwatches. Not only does the brand offer its fair share of solar-powered timepieces, but its mechanical wristwatches are also incredibly popular. 

The brand bridges the gap between traditional-looking timepieces and modern innovation, having experienced huge success with its T-Touch technology back in the 1990s, not to mention its classically-inspired sports watch category. 

The Tissot PRX is one watch design you’ll likely be familiar with. It’s one of the brand’s most celebrated models, inspired by iconic designs created by the legendary Gerald Genta during the 1970s. Those looking for a cheaper alternative to the Royal Oak or Nautilus, therefore, will find the Tissot PRX a good fit.

That’s not to say that Tissot doesn’t offer something for those who like the great outdoors, however. The models from the Touch series are powered by quartz movements and allow users to access the features they need via a touchscreen. 

These technical watches come equipped with features like an altimeter, chronograph, barometer, step counter, and compass. Although slightly confusing, the PRX watch is part of the Swiss brand’s T-Classic collection, while sporty models like the Seastar and PRS are part of the T-Sports collection.

Above all, Tissot watches come in a huge variety of styles and features, including ETA movements and those that promise up to 80 hours of power reserve, promising outstanding value for money.

Citizen – An Overview

Citizen made waves in the industry from an early age with its ground-breaking technological advances. It has become one of the largest manufacturers in the entire world since its birth during the 1930s. 

If you’ve been doing your research on the brand, you’ll already be aware that Citizen is a key player in the realm of solar-powered timepieces with its Eco-Drive series, and it specializes in atomic time via GPS technology. 

The fact is, Eco-Drive technology and its innovative solar-powered features made many other Citizen watches redundant at the time of its release, yet this didn’t deter the brand or its success.

The advantages of Citizen’s Eco-Drive watches became obvious from the get-go. They were (and still are) incredibly precise, promising to keep accurate time, even when only exposed to light for a short period of time. 

The fact that they could sit dormant in a drawer for months, yet require just moments of sunlight to power back into action, made them super convenient and better for the environment, too, saving many battery replacements throughout their lifespan.

Some Citizen Eco-Drive watches even have a power saver mode that proves particularly useful when worn in dark conditions for periods of time. 

Exploring Citizen watches can be quite overwhelming, due to the sheer amount of options on offer, yet collections like the Elegant, Sports, Promaster, and Super Titanium prove the most popular, offering a myriad of styles and designs to choose from.

The Mechanical Classic series is another great place to explore if you want watches with respectable water-resistant capability. In contrast, the Promaster Sky model from the aforementioned Promaster series is a pilot’s watch with a twist, offering radio versions, some of which feature lightweight titanium cases, as well as countless features for calculating flight data while air-bound.

Brand Histories

A quick look at the histories of Tissot and Citizen will give you a little insight into their backgrounds and how they compare to one another. Looking at both side-by-side will hopefully enable you to make an informed decision about which brand is best for you.

Out of the two, Tissot is the oldest watch brand, arriving on the scene in 1853. The brand was responsible for developing the first mass-produced pocket watch, as well as the first anti-magnetic watch. 

It partnered up with Omega around the time that Citizen was born, granting it access to some incredible movements and great success with models like the Tissot Navigator – the first mass-produced watch featuring 24 time zones, along with the Tissot Seastar. The quartz revolution had a huge impact on Tissot’s watch production. 

Switching tactics, it played the quartz game, finding ways to survive its crushing effect on the mechanical watch industry. This tactical solution, however, opened up the pathway for one of the brand’s most revolutionary designs, the Tissot T-Touch, which arrived in 1999.

On the other hand, we have Citizen, a brand that truly thrived throughout the quartz era. The company has always focussed on two things: affordability and technology. It created Japan’s first fully waterproof watch in 1959, named the Parawater. 

This sparked the beginnings of the brand’s innovative dive watch series, but meanwhile, Citizen experts were focussing on something altogether different – Eco-Drive technology. It was one of the first solar-powered wristwatches, taking pride in an environmentally conscious approach to modern watchmaking.

In 1993, Citizen released a world first – a multi-band atomic timekeeping wristwatch. It worked by synchronizing and adjusting its time with atomic clocks all over the world. In doing so, it promised accuracy down to the nanosecond.

Citizen or Tissot – Movement and Technology

When comparing Citizen watches side-by-side with Tissot watches, it’s clear to see that both excel in terms of timekeeping technology. The features offered by a T-Touch watch from Tissot are similar to those you would find in a modern smartwatch, providing you with important metrics in real-time, as you go. 

On the other hand, Citizen mostly specializes in solar-powered quartz technology, which harnesses the energy from light and converts that into power used for accurate timekeeping. The benefit of this technology eradicates the need for regular battery replacements, allowing you to technically forget about your watch while you wear it. 

In contrast, Tissot’s automatic watches offer a collector a more traditional way to keep track of time, adding to the charm and the appeal of mechanical timekeeping. While quartz watches are easy to maintain, many connoisseurs share the opinion that they’re too simple, lacking the craftsmanship and complexity of a mechanical.

Tissot vs Citizen – Aesthetics and Design

Citizen watches vary from complex, futuristic-looking timepieces to those inspired by Japanese minimalism, affording simplistic, clean dial layouts despite the sophistication of their built-in solar-powered technology. 

On the other hand, Tissot watches are favored for their classic designs. Traditional three-handed models sit alongside timeless chronographs, while different dial colors and two-tone (steel and gold-colored) options add more variety to the collections.

Both brands have plenty to offer by way of design, features, and case sizes. Tissot is a great brand to turn to if you’re looking for an affordable sports watch, while Citizen has a superb range of tool watches from the Promaster series – a collection for land, sea, and sky.

Tissot Watches – the Best Recommendations

One easy way to determine whether a Tissot is for you or not is to take a look at some recommendations.

Tissot PRX Powermatic 80 T137.407.11.351.00

This Tissot Powermatic reference T137.407.11.351.00 is a great example that shows off all the sporty elegance of the Swiss brand’s popular PRX collection. Its dial, adorned with a distinctive waffle pattern, follows the design cues of the embossed dials seen in models like the Royal Oak and its iconic Grand Tapisserie dial. 

Its turquoise shade is reminiscent of the Tiffany dial that is showcased in the Patek Philippe Nautilus range, while its integrated bracelet is a must-have feature of any covetable steel sports watch. With sweet spot dimensions of 40mm, the Tissot PRX really is an entry-level into the world of sports watch collecting and is powered by a movement that provides an impressive 80 hours of power reserve.

Tissot Seastar 2000 Professional Powermatic 80

Take a look at the gradient dial of this Tissot Seastar 2000 Professional Powermatic 80 watch. Perhaps the most inviting tones for gearing up for underwater exploration. And when taking this watch for a dip, you get to enjoy an impressive 600 meters of water resistance! 

The unidirectional bezel in black has a very readable 60-minute scale on its surface. You can also opt for the Seastar 2000 model with a black and gold gilt-coloured bezel, but there is something so sporty and tool-like about this blue gradient iteration, complete with a subtle wave-like surface texture that evokes the rippling waters of the ocean’s surface.

Citizen Watches – the Best Recommendations

Take a look at a couple of these superb bang-for-buck Citizen watch recommendations before deciding which brand is for you.

Citizen Promaster Diver Automatic Super Titanium NB6021-17E

Citizen offers some great dive watches in its Super Titanium watch collection – a series of timepieces that benefit from the lightweight and tactical nature of this popular material used in watchmaking. Take, for example, the Citizen Promaster Diver Automatic Super Titanium watch. 

It requires a broad wrist to carry its bold black-on-black case and strap design, yet its heft is cleverly counterbalanced by the lightweight qualities of the 200-meter water-resistant case. This watch is inspired by a historically important watch from Citizen’s archives – the 1977 Challenge Diver, which was found completely intact in 1983 on Long Reef Beach in Australia, having been exposed to the conditions of the Pacific Ocean for years. Thus, a model like this will appeal to those who like their watches to carry a little history and nostalgia.

Citizen Zenshin Chrono CA4610-85Z

The great thing about Citizen watches is the brand’s lightweight alternatives to the steel sports watch. The Citizen Zenshin Chrono ref CA4610-85Z has the integrated bracelet that collectors love so much about this style of watch. Crafted from Super Titanium, the watch features stepped chronograph counters in black against a textured salmon dial. 

A tachymeter scale also comes in handy for measuring speed based on distance. This watch is powered by Eco-Drive technology, and it never needs a battery. It promises 100 meters of water resistance and a tough sapphire crystal glass front.

The Tissot PRX or the Citizen Tsuyosa – A Comparison

One of the main comparisons collectors make when weighing up whether to purchase a Tissot watch or a Citizen watch is the Tissot PRX and the Citizen Tsuyosa. Both are easy to compare since they offer a similar aesthetic and are both powered by automatic movements.

Both the Citizen Tsuyosa and the Tissot PRX sit under the $1k bracket. The brand also offers a 40mm case width and a tonneau case shape that captures the ultra-popular steel sports watch aesthetic. Some subtle differences, however, include the case thickness – the Citizen Tsuyosa, which measures slightly thicker (12.2mm) than the PRX (11.2mm). 

This slight difference automatically means that the Tsuyosa will wear a little flatter against the wrist and will slide under the cuff of a shirt more easily. The latter also measures 1mm less in its lug-to-lug dimensions, too.

At a glance, the most obvious difference between these Citizen and Tissot watches is the dial finish. The Tsuyosa has a smooth sunray effect, while the PRX has the aforementioned waffle effect. 

Again, choosing between the two is simply down to preference, but if it’s an affordable Royal Oak you’re looking for, the PRX wins hands down on that front. An interesting feature of the Tsuyosa is the magnified lens above the date window at 3 o’clock, which the PRX lacks.

Bracelet-wise, the Citizen sports watch boasts rounded end links, while the Tissot sports watch has flatter links that are more reminiscent of models from a bygone era. The Tsuyosa is powered by a very basic Miyota movement. 

Nevertheless, it’s a reliable workhorse, producing a steady 40 hours of power reserve. Conversely, Tissot equips its PRX watch with the refined Powermatic engine, which is complete with double the power reserve of the Tsuyosa.

Although both of these watches are very similar in terms of design and features, in my opinion, the PRX wins over the Tsuyosa for a couple of reasons. 

Firstly, the PRX has a slightly more ergonomic design, sitting flatter on the wrist and making it more suited to office environments. Secondly, for a couple of hundred bucks more, you can enjoy a movement with double the power reserve, and the execution of the dial evokes a superior and more sophisticated finish.

Which is the Right Brand for You?

We can simplify the Tissot vs Citizen debate by looking at the key facts about each brand. Tissot offers some great affordable automatic watches for under $500, which make for absolute steals compared to the price of some Swiss alternatives. 

The company quickly learned how to take Swiss craftsmanship and convert it into designs that appealed to the mass market, and it certainly paid off. Some automatic Tissot watches are powered by mechanical movements that provide longer power reserves too, and even feature exhibition casebacks.

Above all, Tissot watches can be as classic and simple as you like, many of which exude a sportiness that makes for some great casual daily beaters.

Citizen watches cover a slightly broader price spectrum, with models priced as low as $200 for an Eco-Drive watch. Their aesthetics have a strong utilitarian vibe, while plenty of simple quartz models have classic aesthetics.

So, Citizen or Tissot – which is the better brand? The answer to that quandary really lies in personal preference and remains a matter of priority. Are you willing to splash out a little more for an automatic Tissot, or is the unbeatable precision of a Citizen watch more important to you?

If you want to know what makes the Grand Seiko SBGJ277 “Sekkei” so special, I mean really peel back the layers to the design, you likely already know a thing or two about watches. In fact, you’ve probably lost yourself down the odd rabbit hole or two before now. 

They have a knack of getting under your skin. And, like me, you probably feel that press releases and basic reviews don’t cover the level of detail you need when you’re about to make a substantial investment in a watch, right? 

For me, a large part of quelling that curiosity and intrigue about a watch is understanding and learning about what keeps it ticking. Luckily, for a watch like the Grand Seiko SBGJ277 – the beating heart is a large part of its design. 

A Quick Overview of the Grand Seiko SBGJ277

Grand Seiko is heralded as one of the world’s greatest leaders in mechanical accuracy and has a backstory that outlines a rich tapestry of movement manufacture – each one pinpointing an important landmark and detailing the evolution of the company. 

When Grand Seiko launches a new product, it automatically becomes part of that backstory, like the “Sekkei” or “Snow Valley” – a GMT with a splendid color variation that arrived during Watches & Wonders earlier this year. It carries a movement from the 9S Calibre series, which ultimately became a philosophy of sorts. 

In fact, several models that adopted this same design language were designed by a CAD/CAM system and played a crucial role in forming the backbone of many Grand Seiko designs that followed. Furthermore, what made these innovative designs special was their ability to deliver a mechanical accuracy that previous models had never reached before.  

That series still runs today, and you can find some of its finest examples in models like the Grand Seiko SBGJ277 “Sekkei” – a design inspired by a phenomenon that occurs across the tops of Japan’s luscious mountains during the summer. 

If you’re ready to add a practical and super-accurate watch with tons of sartorial elegance to your collection, prepare yourself for the “Sekkei” – a watch that joins a stable of other snow-inspired dials and one that I feel equally deserves as much recognition as the coveted “Snowflake” itself. 

The “Snow Valley” has to be one of my favorite Grand Seiko watches of all. It speaks a language of intelligence, sophistication, and elegance. The green color on the GMT bezel, although deep, does pop on the wrist, and the texture of the dial is great for wearing on most occasions. 

Although the dimensions look large on paper, this is a watch that’s going to wear smaller on the wrist. I’d say it will work well for anything over a 7.5-inch wrist. On top of all that, the mechanical movement inside is not easy to manufacture, which, for me, is part of the appeal. 

And although Spring Drive is what many connoisseurs consider the pinnacle of Grand Seiko’s mechanical prowess – I happen to think differently. While we’re on that note, there’s a reason why this watch costs more than some Spring Drive watches, and I’m going to outline some of them in this review. 

The Background Behind the Grand Seiko SBGJ277 

There is nothing new about Grand Seiko watches taking inspiration from nature. The vast, picturesque landscapes surrounding the brand’s design studios form a backdrop that has long been a source of inspiration for some of the brand’s most beautiful handcrafted dials. 

But snow in the summer is not something we see every day, and, like many natural phenomena, Grand Seiko chooses to celebrate this seasonal spectacle with another meticulously crafted dial. 

At Grand Seiko, the dials do all the talking. They tell the story of the brand through chapters. Many designs, just like the SBGJ277 “Sekkei”, are guided by the company’s “Nature of Time” philosophy. 

And while most fans of the brand will already be familiar with the “Snowflake” watch, there are other distinct dials worth mentioning at this point. Take, for example, the SBGJ201, with a dial inspired by the exposed mountain face of Mt. Iwate, or the ref. SBGJ251, which mimics the verdant boom of the spring equinox? 

There’s the Birch tree-textured dial of the Grand Seiko SLGH005 and models inspired by the rippling waters of ponds and lakes in Japan’s summertime. From the colors and the textures of the country’s 24 changing seasons (or sekki”) to ice formations, falling blossoms, and the growth rings of an ancient tree – Grand Seiko is dedicated to showing the truest expression of its work in all that it does. So, let’s take a closer look.

A Deceptively Manageable Case

So, here are the all-important case dimensions you’ll need to know if you’re seriously considering adding the “Snow Valley” watch to your collection. The case diameter measures 42.4mm, and the thickness – 14.4mm. The case length is 50.6mm, while the lug width is 20.8mm. The crystal diameter on this watch is 31.4mm. 

What I particularly like straight up about this case is the matt finish GS experts give to the top of the lugs. It donates a modest edge to the design, making it easier to pair with casual attire as well as something dressy.

The polished case sides are not just any polished sides, either. They’re the signature Zaratsu polish that Grand Seiko is so renowned for. The crown is another eye-catching feature. Being a sports watch, experts at Grand Seiko position it at the 4 o’clock location, engraving it with the GS logo on the surface. 

The first thing I noticed about the bezel when I turned the case to the side is that it sits slightly above the case top, sealing to a domed sapphire crystal glass that provides adequate protection over that beautifully textured dial. The bezel (which moves bidirectionally), along with the dial, is the star of the show in this design and serves a dual purpose.

As if often seen in GMT watches, the bezel is segregated into nighttime and daytime hours. The nighttime hours are represented in the deepest green color – a shade that almost looks black under certain lights. Grand Seiko designers apply the numerals between 18 and 6 in white, while the remainder showcases the opposite – the daytime hours in white with deep green numerals. 

I like this juxtaposition. It’s a rare and alluring one that interacts beautifully with the nuances of the snow-effect dial texture. Smoother and quieter than a dive watch bezel, aligning the bezel with the GMT hand is an absolute breeze and certainly adds a fun edge to shifting across time zones with a companion like this. One more note on the bezel – its green proportions interestingly take up more real estate than the white, which adds a rather unusual dimension to the design.

Another Snow-Inspired Dial

Representing the beauty of the snowy valleys that form the landscape surrounding Grand Seiko’s Shizukuishi studio, the SBGJ227 is not the first to capture this unique location, as we know. 

Popular for its cold winters and mild summers, this region of Iwate hosts several special species of alpine flora, a rugged scenic shoreline, National Trust parks, crisp ski resorts, and a dusting of powdery snow atop its mountainous regions all year through, even in the summer. It is this particular phenomenon that Grand Seiko skilfully captures across the milky white nuances of its beautifully textured dial. 

I love the layers, dramatic drops, and contrasting levels across the dial. Although subtle, they almost look like folding sheets of fabric draped on top of one another. Sometimes, the silvery nuances look nearly iridescent, and at other times, they mimic the look of silk or satin as they catch the light in ways unique to the Grand Seiko style. 

Grand Seiko experts finish the indices on this dial to perfection, with rectangular-shaped appliques featuring around the hour track, along with rhomboid hour markers at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o’clock locations. 

Black minute sticks feature between each hour marker and a bi-color hour track can be found around the flange. Decorated in the same way as the bezel, the additional 24-hour track is finished in white and green, offering the advantage of a third timezone. The dauphine hands are squared off at the tip, creating a crisp and legible profile to track at a glance whenever you need to check the time while on the go.

Following the GMT hand is easy, too. Trimmed in deep green,  it features a triangular tip filled with luminous material to assist with timekeeping in the dark. Meanwhile, the silver, luminous-treated hour and minute hands are joined by a sweeping second hand that glides effortlessly across the snow-inspired dial. 

Of course, it’s the Hi-Beat movement that propels this hand with such grace and decorum. Even though the smoothly sweeping hand is a given in any Hi-Beat watch from Grand Seiko, it’s still a huge gain for me. Look to the 3 o’clock location, and you’ll find the date set behind a color-matched background for legibility, too.

10 Beats Per Second

The Grand Seiko “Snow Valley” watch belongs to the brand’s Sports Collection and takes inspiration from the original 44GS watch, released in the 1960s. That model housed a 10-beat manual movement that promised levels of the highest accuracy. 

Leveraged by the invention of new alloys and components, Grand Seiko moved closer, inch-by-inch, to achieving the “ideal” watch, making a lasting contribution to the global standard in watchmaking precision. These specially adjusted hi-beat movements set the bar in accuracy and, for over half a century have been manufactured in-house at Grand Seiko – thus the Grand Seiko SBGJ277.

Where else would a sports watch like this be built than at the company’s Shizukuishi Studio? After all, it is the birthplace of the brand’s proprietary Hi-Beat movement. 

From the entry-level Calibre 9S85 to the state-of-the-art, all-bells-and-whistles Calibre 9SA5 with dual impulse escapement – these ateliers offer quite the public experience – a place where collectors can let their horological dreams play out before their eyes as they absorb the atmosphere of one of the world’s most impressive nerve centers of precision timekeeping. 

Grand Seiko collectors can schedule a tour of the place and immerse themselves in an educational mystery tour of calibers, artifacts, and workshops that tell the story of the brand thus far. The studio opened in 2020 – three years after the company became an entirely separate brand from Seiko Watch Corporation and marked the 60th anniversary of the brand. 

Here, the fabrication of the components for each movement and the assembly and finishing of a watch is a very unified front. All parts of a Grand Seiko watch seem to work with a sense of equilibrium with one another, and the movement has a large part to play in that. 

Grand Seiko’s Hi-Beat movements are not all that common in watches today. The movements beat at a rate of 36,000 vibrations per hour. We already know that the benchmark standard for a well-running mechanical timepiece is 28,800 vibrations per hour – in other words – 8 beats per second. 

For the record, that’s more than enough for excellent accuracy, without imposing wear and tear on the delicate components of the movement. For a little perspective, due to the faster vibration rate of the Hi-Beat movements Grand Seiko was capable of producing (10 beats per second), these movements not only offered better accuracy but also higher resistance to shock. 

They also consumed more power from the mainspring. The 9S mainspring fitted to the heart of watches like the “Sekkei” for example, can produce a power reserve of 55 hours, making it particularly weekend-friendly movement.

The Strap

Starting with the lugs of the Grand Seiko SGBJ277, these are drilled, leading to a 21mm opening. Such a lug width is not as common as a 20mm lug width, so finding strap options will require a little extra vigilance to ensure you’re selecting the right size. 

That said, there are plenty of calf leather, alligator leather, and textile straps measuring 21mm on the market, as well as on the official GS website, that would be fun to play around with. I’d be particularly interested in seeing this watch on a dark green leather band to match the bezel details, but I also like the idea of a dark grey calfskin band. 

The stainless steel bracelet the watch naturally comes fitted on, however, tapers down to 18mm and features a milled folding clasp, signed with the GS logo, and a micro-adjustment feature for achieving a close, comfortable fit.

On-Wrist Experience

Watches with a 44.3mm diameter are obviously going to get some attention. If you like large watches, then don’t let the deets on paper put you off the Grand Seiko SBGJ277 “Sekkei”. 

Although slipping under the cuff of a shirt may not be its natural habitat, the watch is saved by the way it manages to belly out at the sides, spreading some of that depth. Topside, however, this watch is going to look like you’d imagine a watch of such proportions to look. Large and confident.

A double-domed sapphire crystal up top gives the dial plenty of protection but unfortunately, this does serve as a bit of a thickening agent on the case, giving it a somewhat chunkier aesthetic when you view it laterally.

Price and Availability

There is no scooting around the $7,200 price tag of the Grand Seiko SBGJ277. It’s expensive. But what do you get for this, exactly? Well, the mechanical Hi-Beat movement is a specialty of Grand Seiko’s, offering supreme accuracy and a high-end finish, as is the intricate craftsmanship of the case shape and the Zaratsu finishing.

It’s more expensive than the Spring Drive movement, and although with a Spring Drive, you can’t see the beats in the seconds hand, the clean sweep of the seconds hand in this Hi-Beat watch is just as impressive. The watch is part of the current Sports Collection, too, so you won’t need to worry about availability or sourcing one from Exquisite Timepieces.

The Takeaway

The Grand Seiko SBGJ277 is an impressively built, powered, and engineered GMT watch for travel. Its silvery white dial, when paired with that deep forest green bezel, makes time zone tracking an absolute delight. 

At 44.3mm the watch may sound large, but the case profile is what makes a difference to its wearability. The bracelet is the balancing ingredient to this recipe, and with micro-adjustments that help make it sit more snug against the skin, you’ll want to show off that snow-inspired dial all day long.

Watch lume is bright, fun, and very useful. It feels like it’s been around forever. In fact, it’s easy to take watch luminosity for granted. But think about how indispensable a material like this would have been in the early days before electricity was a thing in homes! 

Back then, all people could do was rely on audible features like those that chimed to tell the time. And even then, you had to be wealthy enough. Sonnaires and minute repeaters weren’t cheap by any stretch of the imagination! 

It was the 20th century that birthed the idea of a watch that could be read in the dark. That being said, the road wouldn’t be easy. In fact, watch luminescence has quite a murky back story… 

The Shady History of Lume  

Now, you may have heard of Polish physicist Marie Curie. She was the first and only female to win the Nobel Prize, not once but twice, but she also happened to be the leading chemist in the field of radioactivity. 

During her ground-breaking, history-defining work, she discovered two important elements: polonium and radium. The latter was radioactive and is a significant topic to cover when researching the history of watch luminosity. It was the first luminous material to find its way onto wristwatches during the early 1900s. 

To emphasize the seriousness of this radioactive element, it’s important to touch on the untimely death of Marie Curie herself, who passed away from symptoms related to prolonged exposure to the one material she revolutionized. 

We know of the effects of radioactivity now, but during radium’s heyday in watchmaking, the research simply wasn’t there. Sadly, we’d come to realize the damaging effects of this material on human health over time, but not before it was too late. 

Ironically, as is the case with many harmful chemicals, we once thought radium was good for us. Can you imagine? Just like smoking cigarettes, initially advertised as a relaxant and a healthy lifestyle choice – radium was historically considered an enhancement to human health rather than a hindrance.

Radium hair treatments were sold during the 1920s as luxurious products to indulge in, and those working in watchmaking facilities who were tasked with the job of applying radium to watch dials knew no better at the time. 

Named “The Radium Girls”, these female technicians would lick the tip of their paintbrush to achieve a finer point for radium application on the more delicate elements of a watch dial or clock display. 

Sadly, over time, watchmakers began realizing the effects that prolonged exposure to radium had on human health. The Radium Girls would experience several horrific symptoms such as their teeth falling out, pain around their face and head, and fatigue. 

Long-term exposure to the luminous material would even cause ”Radium Jaw” where the jawbone would weaken to the point at which it would crumble. These weren’t the only devastating side-effects of working with radium, either. Many women would go on to suffer from cancer.

Industry giant Rolex was using radium before the 1950s, right up until around 1963. The brand is a great example to research if you want to follow the evolution of watch lume in chronological order and visually see how watchmakers have adapted to the changes in luminous material over the decades.

Between the mid-1960s and up to around 1997, Rolex switched from radium to tritium (another material we’ll cover in detail shortly) before moving onto Super-LumiNova (naming it Chromalight). One reason for the switch to the more recent Super-LumiNova material was down to tritium’s short shelf life. 

The material would only last for around 12 years and would begin developing a patination that connoisseurs didn’t like. Ironically, the old radium-style luminosity and faded tritium dials are now a desirable feature in a watch, which many enthusiasts will pay considerable money for.

Since Super-LumiNova joined the scene in around 1997-1998, there have been a handful of iterations of the material. Several brands have created their own version of Super-LumiNova. Examples include Rolex’s proprietary Chromalight material and Seiko’s Lumibrite. Oh, and one other thing – Super-LumiNova isn’t radioactive at all, hence its popularity!

How does Watch Lume Work 

Lume is the term given to the luminescent material used on a watch dial to make it glow in dark conditions. It’s an integral feature for any tool or sports watch since it serves a very practical purpose, guiding the way to accurate, legible timekeeping when you may need it most. 

It, therefore, goes without saying that watch lume is particularly important for those who wear their watch to work at night or for outdoor exploration in particularly challenging conditions and harsh environments. The debate surrounding which brand offers the strongest lume is ongoing, but what we do know is how it works.

Since there are different forms of watch lume, how it works depends on whether you’re looking at photoluminescent material, electroluminescent material, or tritium gas tubes. 

While photoluminescent material absorbs light energy and emits a glow, electroluminescence is what you’ll likely see on the backlight of a digital or ana-digi watch. We’ll go through the various types of watch lume in this article and identify how each one differs from the other.  

What is Radium?

As mentioned, one of the revolutionary breakthroughs in luminescent material on watch dials came about during the time of the First World War. Soldiers began replacing their pocket watches with wrist-worn instruments and needed to depend on something concise and clear. Flashlights were forbidden since they would instantly give away a hidden location—cue luminous watch dials.

One of the first examples of a radium watch dial was the Radiomir watch developed by Florentine-based watchmaker Panerai. The Parisian company specialized in diving gear and precision instruments for the Italian Navy. 

The material in question was made from radium bromide, zinc sulfide, and mesothorium. After the hazardous effects of radium became common knowledge, however, the industry turned its attention to something safer. Tritium.

Today, the Radiomir watch by Panerai is still going strong, albeit without the harmful effects of radioactive material splashed all over its dial. Panerai combines Super-LumiNova features with a dial design that strays very little from the original and equips these watches with impressive power reserves (some of which last for up to 8 days). 

The Panerai Radiomir Black Seal 3 Days PAM00505 is a great example of a watch that fuses modern materials and technology with a classic, vintage-esque charm. For example, the Arabic numerals at the cardinal points on the dial are all finished in a beige-colored Super-LumiNova. This gives the watch an old-radium charm and a character that collectors adore.

Enter Tritium

Before we talk too much about Tritium, it’s worth mentioning a material called Promethium. Promethium played an integral role in the evolution of watch lume, even though it’s rarely mentioned or recognized in industry dialect today. 

Promethium replaced radium for a short period of time as a safer alternative. Yet, this less-radioactive material had a much shorter lifespan than the former. Promethium only lived for around two and a half years. 

When you compare this to radium’s 1600 years of life, you can soon see why this material never came close to the reliability and legibility of radium. Still, it didn’t cause people’s teeth to fall out and certainly carved a road for tritium. 

Tritium (H-3) was used directly on the surface of watch dials until the mid-1990s, and there were several pros and cons to using it as a luminous material. Firstly, it offered a better lifespan than Promethium. Tritium could last for around 12.5 years as opposed to Promethium’s 2.5 years. 

Sounds great, right? But there’s a downside. This material wasn’t entirely safe. Tritium is a beta-emitter. It’s safer than radium, but it’s still a radioactive isotope of Hydrogen, which, as a paint, had a way of seeping through the plastic caseback and diffusing through to the wearer’s skin.

To overcome this, brands began replacing the paint with gaseous tritium light sources. Ever heard of Ball Watch Company’s Light Emitting Technology? Right! So, these tightly sealed tubes safely store tritium and contain a phosphorus powder coating on the inside, which reacts with tritium when it releases electrons. 

Ball’s luminous technology is second to none in the field of luminous gas tubes. They’re small, precise, and lightweight. The company produces them using a CO2 laser before meticulously positioning them into place.

Perhaps no Ball Watch showcases the manufacturer’s expertise in this light tube technology more than the Engineer III Marvelight Chronometer Meteorite watch. The steel model, complete with a matching steel bracelet and a sapphire crystal glass front, is an automatic three-hander with rainbow-colored gas tubes that illuminate the hour markers and hands in dark conditions. 

If the meteorite dial wasn’t enough of a unique feature alone, the orange, pink, blue, green, and yellow indices put on a spectacular show after dark. With 100-meter water resistance and antimagnetic capabilities that protect the watch from up to 80,000 A/m, the Engineer III is a watch that has so much more going for it than the luminosity of its dial alone. 

Still, you can’t deny that the powerful presentation of those rainbow hour markers is certainly the star of the show at nightfall. 

Photoluminescence: Super-LumiNova 

Super-LumiNova actually takes its name from the brand that founded it back in 1993. The material is made up of strontium aluminate and photoluminescent pigments that are mixed together to form a non-toxic, luminous paint that glows beautifully in the dark. 

It differs from the tritium-filled gas tubes you see on a Ball watch since the latter is more a chemical reaction that causes a continuous glow, day or night. Super-LumiNova, however, glows at a level of brilliance that is unmatched but for a period of time only and creates an eye-catching spectacle that you can observe in any low-light environment.

If you consider yourself a modern watch collector, you’ll have heard the term Super-LumiNova creep up in conversations or even seen it listed in the spec details of most watches online. Super-LumiNova is a photoluminescent material, which means it absorbs light before emitting a long-lasting, brilliant glow. 

It succeeded the former LumiNova material, which became the go-to material to use after tritium. Surprisingly, the material was first discovered back in the 1960s and was used in cathode ray tubes. However, it was much later before the watch industry embraced the fluorescent qualities of LumiNova.

This non-radioactive substance poses no threat to human health, making it a no-brainer for modern tool watches. The only downside to Super-LumiNova is that it needs to be charged with sufficient light before it will glow for a limited period of darkness. 

Therefore, if a watch is left in a dark drawer, it will need charging before you can expect to see a gleaming dial at night. Its intensity also decreases over time once charged. The material’s quality and the light source’s intensity determine how well a dial stays illuminated, especially since the duration of a Super-LuiNova-coated dial can vary from half an hour to 15 hours.

One of the key advantages of Super-LumiNova is that it can charge and recharge an unlimited amount of times and share no wear and tear. Unlike radium and tritium, which degrades over time, this more modern material has a much longer lifespan. It’s also available in a plethora of different colors!

Of course, one of the most common variations of Super-LumiNova is Seiko’s Lumibrite material, which is widely featured throughout the brand’s dive watch range. Entirely safe for humans and based largely on the more famous Super-LumiNova material, Lumibrite contains zero toxic ingredients and is free from radioactive substances. 

Since it works in the same way as the more common LumiNova, Lumibrite effectively absorbs light and then stores it before radiating a strong and impressive glow that can last up to 5 or 6 hours or more.

The Seiko Prospex Alpinist is one of the brand’s most collectible adventure watches, with a history intrinsically linked with alpine pursuits. In 2020, it became part of the Prospex collection, with models like the SPB121 now representing some of the brand’s finest examples. 

This model reimagines the original 1951 sports watch with an inner rotating compass, robust steel case, scratch-resistant sapphire crystal, Lumibrite hour markers, and cathedral hands.

Electroluminescence; a Glow with an Electrical Flow

So, we know that photoluminescent materials absorb light energy before emitting a rich glow. Electroluminescence is when light is produced as a result of an electrical current passing through a phosphorus material. 

In watches, an electric conductor-coated plastic or glass panel is mounted behind the dial, and when a button is activated, it delivers an electrical current. The phosphor reacts and acts as a backlight. One of the most common examples of this technology can be found in Timex’s famous Indiglo watches, but other affordable watch companies use it, too, like Casio. 

The rugged Casio G-Shock Mudmaster is an ana-digi watch with bucket loads of wrist presence thanks to a powerful 52mm resin case. 

Rugged and durable, its robust exterior packs a whole load of functionality into the wrist, including double LED lights, a Location Indicator feature, 200 meters of water resistance, solar power charging, and features that also measure altitude and barometeic pressure. 

Additional features include a mission log, world timezones, phone finder, alarms, and, of course, a backlight, combined with luminous material on the analog details for traditional timekeeping. 

Watch Lume – Just How Important Is It?

You only need to watch a YouTube video or two to see just how ga-ga collectors go over a watch with lume. You’ll see shots of it completely in the dark for full effect, while watch modders may even try their hand at painting it on a dial if they’re feeling extra adventurous. 

Considering Super-LumiNova is no more than the horological version of glow-in-the-dark paint, it’s only natural to question why enthusiasts love it so much. But they do, and that’s partly to do with how important it is on a functional level.

Admittedly, when a watch dial is fully charged, a Super-LumiNova watch has a captivating effect on its wearer, especially if done right. So, you can imagine the appeal of a fully lumed dial. The likes of Bell & Ross, DOXA, IWC, TAG Heuer, and Zodiac have all dabbled in this field. Heck, even affordable solar-power specialists Citizen have dipped their toe in fully lume dials! 

But whether a fully-coated dial or not, you’re always going to want to read the time in the dark. Case in point, there is always a need for lume on a practical watch, but should it always be a deliberate consideration? 

Absolutely not. Even the geekiest of watch lume nerds will agree that there is a style and a design that calls for Super-LumiNova, and it would certainly look out of place on an elegant 18k dress watch.

Conclusion

Sometimes, it can feel like manufacturers are just ticking a box when adding features like Super-LumiNova to a watch, but as long as a timepiece is the sporty, functional, practical type – it will always serve a useful purpose. 

Being able to read the time while hundreds of meters under the ocean’s surface, while out fishing at night, while mountain climbing, cave exploring, or navigating the skies in the dead of night – watch luminosity will always have a place on the dial of a good quality tool watch.

When you go for an interview, making a good first impression is paramount. Match those shoes with your belt, and, for goodness sake, pick a tasteful tie! Whether you get the job or not, that initial outfit matters. It needs to tell the workplace that you take pride in your appearance and that the job really matters to you. Your interview attire will speak for you, a little like how the dial of a watch gives you an initial glimpse into the manufacturer, the style, and the purpose of the timepiece.

Styles of Hands and Their Importance

The hands on a watch play a huge role in providing a window to the soul of the watch and the message behind it. And the vast array of styles you’re likely to stumble upon when exploring this avenue sure does make timekeeping more diverse and interesting!

Essentially, all watch hands have the same job. They should be able to point to the hours, minutes, and (sometimes) the seconds clearly on display and should convey the essence of that timepiece, both in style and character. 

In this guide to 11 of the most popular dial hands, we’ll look at the secrets behind each design and which brands are most recognized for a specific style. Let’s kick things off with the most common of all. 

Baton Hands

When I think of the classic baton hand, it automatically conjures images of iconic sports watches of the 1970s. That’s not to say that watchmakers aren’t using baton hands in luxury watches today (they certainly are!). But many brands adopted the baton hand when creating the sports-luxe watch, including those like the Patek Philippe Nautilus and the Rolex Day-Date – both grail watches, by the way! Even the Genta-designed Royal Oak promoted the baton handset. 

Could we accuse Gerald Genta of being rather unadventurous when we look at his baton-bearing accomplishments? Maybe. But you could also say the batons were a complete stroke of genius. They looked unapologetically simple on the dial and allowed for the polygonal machine-like features of his greatest sports watch to truly shine. 

Baton hands are characterized by their elongated, rectangular profile, which is often featured in dress watches. I happen to really like the baton hand design. It’s not trying to be anything it isn’t. It’s a no-frills type of hand that will make itself at home in any style of watch, be it chronographs, pilot’s watches, or GMTs. 

Sometimes, the hands are flat; sometimes, they are bluntly rounded at the tip. Either way, I think they look great on utilitarian tool watches like the Bell & Ross BR 05 – a watch that is instantly recognizable for its famous circle-within-a-square profile.

Sword Hands 

What I like about the sword-shaped hand is its ability to dress a watch up or down, depending on the design in question. If I were to ask you what makes a dress watch look so dressy, you may struggle to identify any one element in particular. 

But the central bridge that runs along the middle of a set of sword hands can catch the sun beautifully, adding shards of light across a display and enhancing a refined aesthetic. Take it away from the dress watch, and suddenly, the timepiece loses its classic, understated charm.

Sword hands are very popular and versatile. Defined by straight sides and a triangular, tapering tip reminiscent of a sword’s blade, they have been around since the 20th century and can be long and slim or short and wide in character. 

One of the most popular collectibles of all time is the Cartier Tank, with its signature blued steel sword-shaped hands that glide across a traditional Roman numeral display. In many cases, Cartier experts combine the sword handset with a striking blue cabochon spinel on the top of the crown. 

Whether you’re exploring the Tank collection, the Santos de Cartier line, or the effortlessly elegant bubble-shaped Ballon de Bleu watch, you’ll recognize the sword-shaped hands as a strong character element within some of Cartier’s greatest designs.   

Dauphine Hands

You may instantly associate Grand Seiko with its exquisite Zaratsu case polishing techniques or its entrancing hand-executed dials. Both are equally impressive, so I wouldn’t blame you. However, around 80% of the company’s watches also feature the dauphine hand, rather than the laser-cut hands we often associate with GS timepieces. 

Grand Seiko watches are characterized by blade-like bevels and perfectly finished case facets. These finishes create mirror-like distortion-free case angles and include the diamond-milled hand tips that you can see on designs from the Heritage collection.

It is thought that dauphine hands first began emerging during the 1940s, taking inspiration from the profile of a dolphin. They certainly share some of the elegance of the majestic marine mammal. The style comprises a tapered triangular or diamond tip. More often than not, you’ll see Grand Seiko refer to this dial element as a razor hand. 

Quite frankly, trying to capture the beauty and refinement of the dauphine hands on a Grand Seiko watch through images will never serve them justice. You simply need some time with the watch and an opportunity to tilt the case under the light at just the right angle. When the light hits the faceted edges of a GS dauphine hand, that crisp reflection of light is second to none. 

Leaf Hands

Leaf hands are often referred to as feuille hands and, as their name would suggest, call to mind the organic shape of a plant leaf. Their elegant, minimalist form lends a dial an air of subtle sophistication and formality, making them a particularly popular option for the common dress watch. 

The shape of this style of dial hand takes on a wide middle with a gently tapering tip. Often, the shape is echoed in the hand of a small seconds subsidiary, too, or in the sub-counters of a chronograph dial.

Feuille hands and leaf hands are one of my favorite styles. There is something satisfyingly accurate about their slender, sloping frames. The point at the tip of the minute hand, for example, gives a very clear indication of the time, leaving little room for error.

Like Moser & Cie, which offers a range of designs showcasing the slender leaf-like hand, IWC Schaffhausen also uses the handset for some of its more refined timepieces. Take, for example, the Portofino watch. 

IWC heavily draws inspiration from the relaxed way of life experienced in the Italian fishing village and features leaf-shaped dial hands, which gracefully sweep over several dial colors and arrangements. Some accompaniments to the leaf hand include power reserve indicators, small seconds sub-counters, moon phase complications, and the perpetual calendar. 

Alpha Hands

The alpha hand was quite a prevalent design during the 1950s and 1960s. Although it slightly favored the dress watch, many other genres carried the style tastefully, including more casually styled timepieces on leather bands. 

Rolex, IWC, Piaget, and A. Lange & Sohne have all used the alpha hand in their designs. The shape of this handset resembles the dauphine hand, albeit with a thinner neck and a longer tip.

The design is associated with the Greek letter “Alpha” and is also adopted by the manufacturer of the popular Tonda watch – Parmigiani Fleurier. Simple, understated, and pared-back, the alpha watch does its job of telling the time clearly and is one of the most versatile styles to find on the dial of a watch. 

Sometimes, the alpha hand design can appear openworked on a dial. At other times, a brand may choose to treat the surface of the hands with luminous material and place them upon a skeletonized dial, as seen in the Schaumburg Glacier Hand Made watch.

Syringe Hands

Syringe watch hands are unmistakable. They feature a barrel-shaped body and a needle-sharp pointer that indicates the time of day with a sense of confidence and precision. The history of the syringe hand is uncertain, but earlier Omega watches of the 1940s feature the style.

Today, Patek Philippe is perhaps best known for its use of the syringe hand. Back in 2019, the prestigious manufacturer launched the reference 5172G, featuring a white gold case, a dramatic blue dial, and, upon it, a set of crisply carved syringe hands that stretched out to kiss a set of legible white Arabic numerals. 

Quite literal in their nomenclature, they evoke the shape of a medical syringe but were frequently used in the design of the pilot’s watch. You’ll also see them in field watches, accompanied by a graduated minute track, and they have also been featured in the designs of German tool watch manufacturer Sinn.

Syringe hands, whether on a pilot watch, a Patek watch, or a field watch, give me classic yesteryear vibes and look like they’ve literally stepped off a vintage fighter jet. Luckily, the market for pilot’s watches and on-board instrument-inspired designs is still in high demand, so we’ll likely be seeing the syringe hand for many years to come. 

Arrow Hands

Arrow hands are exactly what their name would suggest – watch dial hands in the shape of an arrow. You’ll often see them on sports watches, like the Speedmaster and the 1950s Seamaster Planet Ocean. The brand ushered in this style alongside its Railmaster watch during this era, combining the arrow tip with the triangular shaft. 

Omega then retired this “Broad Arrow” design years ago, yet the demand for the vintage-inspired dive watch has brought the style back onto Omega watch dials in recent years. Aside from being an Omega trademark, the classic arrow hand appears on pilot’s watches, too.

One element of this design that is largely beneficial for legibility is its ability to feature plenty of Super-LumiNova material on its surface. In many examples., the hour hand on a watch is defined by an arrow tip, and the minute hand is the dauphine profile. 

Over the last few years, there has been a resurgence in the arrow hand, despite it being more popular last century. Dive watches also commonly sport the arrow hand since it serves such a useful and legible purpose underwater. The Seiko Prospex Turtle is a great example of such, imparting a sense of boldness, stealth, and power with its highly distinguishable shape.

Cathedral Hands

When you gaze into the cathedral hands of a watch’s dial, they immediately evoke the stained glass windows of an old church or the steep turrets that reach out on a Gothic cathedral. There are no prizes for guessing why and how these hands acquired their name. The cathedral hand is ornate and detailed and adds a layer of depth to any timepiece.

Brands optimize the profile of the cathedral hand to hold a large amount of luminous material on its surface. Hamilton likes to use the style on its Khaki Field watches, while Longines, Oris, and Montblanc have all shared in the success of the design, implementing it into models like the Majetek, the 1858, and the Big Crown, respectively.

The cupola-like hour hand of a cathedral handset looks similar to a chess piece and accompanies a longer, thinner minute hand that widens as it travels up from the base. Almost skyscraper-like, cathedral hands are one of my favorites, adding plenty of character to a timepiece and making for a great talking point on a watch.

Mercedes Hands

There is only one brand we instantly think of when we hear the words “Mercedes hands”, and that is Rolex. Similar to a badge that automobile enthusiasts will be familiar with, models like the Explorer, the Submariner, and the GMT-Master have all sported this style of hand on their dials. 

In some ways, the Mercedes style is similar to the cathedral. The hour hand has a barrel-shaped base and a larger circular area towards the tip. The circular section is divided into three parts, resembling the Mercedes logo.

Mercedes hands are not exclusive to Rolex, however. The crown brand began using this style in the 1950s on its sports watches as a subtle tribute to British swimmer Mercedes Gleitze. 

Anyone familiar with Rolex’s history will know that Gleitze became an advocate for Rolex watches during this time. The minute hand that accompanies the hour hand on a Mercedes handset is usually a simple baton index and can be seen in designs like the TAG Heuer Professional 1000 series and the Omega Seamaster 200 models.

Breguet Hands

Similar to how we associate Mercedes hands with Rolex, Breguet hands will always be inextricably linked to elegant Breguet watches, mainly because it was Abraham-Louis Breguet who designed them. Breguet was (and still is) a central figure throughout the history of watchmaking.

Not only did the watchmaker develop timepieces that incorporated innovative winding mechanisms, escapements, and tourbillons, but he also developed one of the first-ever mechanical wristwatches.

Breguet hands first made an appearance on the dial of a watch back in 1783. Crafted from blued steel, they provided an eye-catching finish to the display, boasting a slim shaft and hollow moons for the tips. Considering the Breguet hand is one of the most archaic styles on the market, it has never lost its appeal or its charm. 

Collectors still find the style just as captivating and intriguing today as they did back then. Over the years, many manufacturers adopted this style of watch hand. They have sparked particular enthusiasm over the last three years and live to tell the tale of their fascinating comeback story.

Snowflake Hands

It’s great when a watch with complete purpose can still look simple and straightforward without needing a lot of flamboyant features. Case in point: no salt and pepper is needed for the Black Bay watch. 

It has all the Tudor seasoning it needs with a set of snowflake hands – a signature design element that has come to be exclusively associated with the watchmaker. This style of hand made its debut in designs like the Tudor Submariner ref. 7016 and 7021 models. The two watches released during the 1960s featured these hands resembling the segment of a snowflake and became a characteristic encouraged by French military divers at the time.

Combined with a legible sword-shaped minute hand and a set of blocky, angular hour markers and circular indexes, the dial promised incredible readability and afforded a great surface area for the lume. Wherever you are in the world, when you see this handset, you can be certain you’re looking at a Tudor watch since the design element has become a universal feature of Tudor watches.

The Takeaway

Discussing the loaded topic of watch hands can take some time, and with so many different styles to explore, it can become one of the most intriguing facets of watch collecting. While this guide highlights 11 of the most popular styles, it is missing some other classic designs like the spade, the pointer, and the lollipop hand.

Still, by now, you should have a clear indication of what style you like the most. So enjoy exploring our range of luxury watches here at Exquisite Timepieces, where you’re likely to see many examples of these hand styles as you peruse what we have on offer.

Definition of ‘worldie’; worldie in British English – someone or something that is of the highest possible quality.

I’m tired of hearing people say that 18k gold cases scratch up too easily and that they can’t sustain the wear and tear of daily rigors. “Gold watches are soft as butter,” they say. “You only need to look at one and it marks up!”. 

At the risk of getting immediately shot down by gold watch naysayers and those who swear by the rugged steel sports watch, I’m going out on a limb here to say that every collection deserves a gold watch. More specifically – a Grand Seiko SBGY002 – a “golden worldie”.

An In-Depth Review of the Grand Seiko Elegance SBGY002

Just as Coco Chanel would say, you can never go wrong with a little black number. I happen to think the same about gold watches. There is a reason why this alchemy has reigned supreme throughout the ages of watch collecting. 

Patek Philippe put gold watches well and truly on the horological map with a design for Countess Koscowicz of Hungary back in 1868. That watch made its way into the Guinness World Book of Records.

Some gold watches signify first-class refinement. Of course, brand reputation, build quality, price, and accuracy all matter too. Some can look downright tacky. But as true as the earth is round, Grand Seiko watches tick all those boxes as a given. Whether small, large, sporty or dressy, Spring Drive-powered or quartz-driven – Grand Seiko watches are some of the sturdiest you can own. 

Special hand finishes and exquisite case executions really give every GS competitor a run for their money. Oh, and then there’s the story element to each watch – many of which take inspiration from natural elements and the beauty that blankets the surrounding areas of the company’s prestigious Shizukuishi studio. 

In this case, it’s the snow-capped Japanese Alps of the Shinshu region, hence its Snowflake name, or in terms of the reference SGBY002, the yellow gold Snowflake.

The History of the SBGY002 – 20 Years of Spring Drive Heaven 

You may remember the launch of the Grand Seiko SBGY002 in 2019. Back then, the world was a different place. We’re talking pre-pandemic times before the watch industry boomed. During lockdown, consumers flush with cash were no longer spending money on lavish vacations. 

They were investing in collectible timepieces like loaves of bread. Faded bronze cases were the new black. Green dials proved to the world they weren’t just a fad, and the integrated steel sports watch just hit different back then. Still, staples like the Grand Seiko Elegance were keeping the classic dress watch in the game with designs like the SBGY002. 

The SBGY002 was a moment of genius that punctuated the brand’s history with a celebratory ode to one of its finest innovations of all time – the bionic man of all watch movements – the manual Spring Drive caliber. 

The beginnings of the Spring Drive movement twenty years prior were not so much a sporadic culmination of technologies but more a symbol of the brand’s unwavering strength at a time when digital technology dominated the industry. 

Indeed, it took a total of twenty years to incubate the Spring Drive. The brand’s Elegance watches stood as friendly, stoic reminders that not all was lost by way of mechanical engineering. Instead, what watchmakers needed to do was innovate something and ride it out.

Moreover, GS watches, with their textured snow-clad landscape-inspired dials and sweeping second hands, were still waiting for us on the other side. When quartz simmered down, a love for mechanical was once more reignited. 

While quartz watches will always offer an affordable, reliable alternative to manual wind watches and automatics, all three have learned to co-exist in equilibrium together including that of the Spring Drive, which kind of sits within its own bracket.  

The Movement 

Even if I do favor slightly edgier, off-the-wall designs than most, the majority of the timepieces I love are powered by automatic movements. That is, with the exception of the Spring Drive. The endearing thing about the SBGY002 is that it celebrates a timekeeping technology that not only took two decades to materialize but one that is now two decades old itself. 

And while quartz is a word seldom found on the lips of many horophiles, the fact that the Grand Seiko Spring Drive uses a quartz regulator without actually being battery-powered instantly makes things a little different.

It’s a hybrid movement that mixes the old with the new. GS decided that quartz didn’t have to be low-end. In fact, 80% of the genetic makeup of the Spring Drive points to mechanical, and the other 20% comprises a non-traditional escapement. Allow me to explain how it works in the best way possible without using too much horological jargon. 

The coveted Spring Drive is just as fascinating inside as it is to watch perform. When you see it in action, you can quickly understand how it has won so many accolades. On the surface, that sweeping second hand is liquid smooth and one reason why collectors become so hypnotized by its performance. Even better, it keeps near-perfect time. 

Mechanical watches use a balance wheel that oscillates back and forth to halt a set of gears and intermittently control the timekeeping pace of the mainspring. It’s a technology that has proven effective for years and years. But Seiko wanted to go one better. 

Instead, Spring Drive technology combines a magnet with an electromagnet that works against one another. On the one hand, the conventional magnet attaches to the rotor, and the electromagnetic counteracts by pulling away from it, thus acting as a brake.

The movement is slowed to the perfect graceful speed, giving the hand its recognizable butter-smooth sweeping motion. This lack of friction preserves the parts of the movement for longer than a conventional mechanical movement. All of this and no battery, you say? That’s correct. 

The parts of the Spring Drive movement form what is called the Tri-Synchro Regulator. Compared to a traditional movement, this masterful engineering uses 200 more components and they’re all arranged meticulously by the hands of Grand Seiko artisans. The Calibre 9R31 is a manually winding movement and was new for the 2019 release, offering a 72-hour power reserve and comprising 30 jewels. 

Through the exhibition caseback of the Grand Seiko Elegance SBGY002, you can see the power reserve indicator in the top left, alongside a satin-finished mono bridge, blued screws, and handsome chamfers that are deep and easily visible.

The Case

The 38mm Grand Seiko SBGY002 watch is thin, so much so that it has a natural affinity towards those with slender wrists, measuring a height of 10mm. The watch is graced with a beautifully sloped case line and endowed with lugs that sit 43mm apart from one another. 

This is king in delivering an overall compact and ergonomic fit for the wrist. Back in 2019, big watches were the order of the day. So, the fact that the profile of the SBGY002 honors the style and size of golden-era 1940s and 1950s dress watches is pretty special and unusual for its time. 

In response to those who say a gold watch is simply too fragile and that you can’t wear one daily, I would have to say that you’re wrong and that you can. 

And I have physically seen the condition of a worn Grand Seiko SBGY002 in the flesh, having been enjoyed on the wrist by a collector for years (sometimes for months at a time as said collector’s only watch). Its worn, aged look detracts nothing from the watch’s character and charm. In fact, it further adds to it.

The watch strikes a natural rapport with the wrist and wears exceptionally well. I have seen it paired with black tie attire, with tuxedos and lapels, and with a casual jeans-and-jumper combo. 

In all three examples, the watch looks stellar, and it’s all down to the exceptional finish of a Zaratsu-polished 18k yellow case. The technique harnesses the naturally slim, vintage-infused dress watch style of the SBGY002 with fluidly reaching lugs and a supple leather strap.

Handsome satin finishes run along the caseband, enhancing the watch’s slightly vintage-esque character. I’d say the longitudinal grain does go a long way towards enhancing the Zaratsu polishing on the lughood, too. 

The technique uses a spinning tin plate to achieve the mirror-polished finish known as the Zaratsu effect. Both Grand Seiko and Seiko watches showcase this type of finish, which requires the hand precision of an artisan to run the surface of the case along the spinning plate at just the right level of pressure and a precise angle. 

The result is an optically smooth and distortion-free effect (in other words, the equivalent of what the Swiss would call a “black polish).

The case of the Grand Seiko Elegance SBGY002 watch also features a screw-down crown at 3 o’clock, emblazoned with the GS logo, along with a conical bezel that gives way to a rather enticing dial effect. Grand Seiko equips the watch with a scratch-resistant and anti-reflective sapphire crystal glass front and caseback, along with a 30-meter water resistance.

The Dial

The non-uniform arrangement of the Snowflake dial is insanely artistic. Without even having to try, it evokes the snow-capped mountains of the Shinshu region surrounding Grand Seiko’s workshops. 

There are 80 steps involved in the making of this dial effect. Grand Seiko experts choose pieces of silver to achieve the flake effect of the snow rather than merely painting the display white and calling it “snow-inspired”. What this dial lacks in luminous material, it makes up for with its iridescent, shimmering, and highly textured nuances that entice the light to dip in and out of each crevice. 

Together with the polished indexes that are razor-sharp in cut, the dial shines in low light conditions, enabling it to bounce off uneven surfaces with ease.

This, of course, is the same famous dial of the SBGA211, sharing a similar light and lively randomness and accurately echoing the snow drifts of the Shinshu landscape. The fired blue lancet seconds hand complements a set of crisp dauphine-shaped hour and minute hands that are brought into existence with a diamond-like polish. 

Grand Seiko craftsmen use micro-metric diamond-tipped milling tools to capture a clean and contemporary profile of these hands. Meanwhile, the Grand Seiko lettering in golden tones adds the only other detail to the dial (save for the crisp black minute track), since the display is also void of a date aperture.

The Strap

The strap on a Grand Seiko watch is something that never seems to disappoint. No matter who I talk to about watches from this Japanese maison, people share the same view. Whether leather or bracelet form, every Grand Seiko strap feels strong, solid, and well-built. The SBGY002 is fitted on a very dark brown large-rectangular-scale crocodile leather band. 

The company’s crocodile straps are all made in-house using traditional Japanese techniques and comprise three layers of natural leather. The top layer is made from crocodile leather, while both the middle layer and the inner lining are manufactured from cow leather for a smoother and more comfortable finish.

Grand Seiko experts use a special cutting die to stamp out the leather before evening out the thickness of the skin for a refined finish. The monotone stitching is another really nice touch, as it gives you more options when pairing the watch with different attire. The folded edge profile, once flipped over, leads to the “Made in Japan” and “Grand Seiko” lettering, which is embossed neatly into the soft lining.  

The buckle is an Italian-made component, crafted from solid 18k yellow gold and finished with a nice polishing. The twin-trigger, spring-loaded release, enabling you to securely lock it into place before you leave the house, is quick, easy to operate, and matches the high quality of the leather band perfectly.

On The Wrist

I took some time to experience the Grand Seiko SGBY002 a couple of years back and was lucky enough to play about with a brand-new one. Here’s what I found.

Unusually, the leather band is what I want to talk about first and foremost. As I mentioned earlier, Grand Seiko has always impressed with its strap and bracelet designs. This leather band has an incredible buttery and worn-in feel, despite being a brand-new strap. 

Unlike the breaking-in stage required of most brand-new leather bands, getting acquainted with the SBGY002 is made easier with the incredibly soft, supple feel of its leather strap.

Because the strap already feels broken in, you don’t have to flex it back at all to secure the clasp into place.  It molds to the shape of the wrist like a glove to the hand. 

As you thread the tail-end of the strap through the keepers, it snaps into place, taking a lot of wear and tear out of the strap. I have to say that a strap that feels this worn-in from the get-go is almost certain to preserve the quality of the material for much longer than average.

The dimensions of the case are similarly pleasing. Sitting low, the SGBY002 will slink under the cuff of a shirt without a fuss, making it an ideal companion for office wear. I also believe that its slim proportions and its ability to sit under a sleeve will make it a great option for those with smaller wrists too. 

At 38mm in diameter, it’s not going to swamp the wrist, but the fact that the lug width is the less popular 19mm size means that finding alternative straps for the SBGY002 isn’t going to be trickier than shopping for the more common 20mm strap.

The Price

This timepiece is not cheap. At $25k, it’s not an overnight purchase for most. Justifying the price of the watch is not so hard, however,  when you consider what you do get rather than focussing on what you don’t. 

Grand Seiko may not be able to compete with the likes of Patek Philippe and Audemars Piguet on a status level, that much is true. But while many have tried to develop a revelation as impressive as the Spring Drive, none have succeeded. Why is this, you ask? 

Well, the movement is an engineering marvel, and experts at the Japanese ateliers took years to research and develop the concept. That stands for a lot when investing in a mechanical watch. In-house manufacture sells.

Lastly, the Spring Drive hand doesn’t tick, it glides. And for avid mechanical watch connoisseurs, this is a very desirable feature. Add to the mix a +15 seconds-per-moth accuracy, an 18k yellow gold case, and a hand-finished dial, and all of a sudden, the price of the SBGY002 seems pretty reasonable. 

Still, there are more affordable Grand Seikos available, so it’s really about weighing up what you want in a watch. If dressy aesthetics and unparalleled accuracy are important to you, the SBGY002 is definitely worth it. 

But if you need a watch that can sustain the knocks and bumps of a busy working environment, you may want to prioritize a watch with better scratch-proof properties and reserve your GS watch for the more special occasions in life.

Wrapping Up

I’m not disputing that gold watches don’t scratch. But rarely will another case material imbue the same rich, indulgent flavor as a real gold timepiece. Perhaps life is too short to look past that gold watch you’ve always toyed with the idea of owning. Perhaps it’s time to take a risk and enjoy the allure and the flurries of nostalgia that a gold Grand Seiko watch can bring to the wrist.

For me, it would be a watch like the SBGY002. It can smarten up practically everything you own in your wardrobe and bucks the trend, putting that stigma of the gaudy gold watch to bed.  It is, in other words, the “Golden Worldie”, and a watch that I would say ticks everything box needed in a classic, timeless dress watch.